1.1. Historical Perspective of Presbyopia

1.3. Physiology of Accommodation

2.1. New Horizons in the Treatment of Presbyopia

3.1.1. Ablative Treatments of the Cornea for Presbyopia

3.1.3. Efficacy and Complications of Surgery at the Corneal Plane

• 3.2.1.1. PRELEX: Presbyopic lens exchange
• 3.2.1.2. Therapeutic decision-making process of crystalline lens plane surgery for treatment of presbyopia
• 3.2.1.3. Current Methodologies for Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
• 3.2.1.4. Toric lenses – calculators and sources of error
• 3.2.1.5. Crystalline lens surgery and dry eye
• 3.2.1.6. Multifocal lenses and endothelium
• 3.2.1.7. The dominant eye, strabismus, amblyopia and refractive surgery
• 3.2.1.8. Kappa Angle and refractive surgery
• 3.2.1.9. Posterior segment OCT in the preoperative evaluation of cataract surgery with multifocal lenses

• 3.2.2.1. The evolution of options
• 3.2.2.2. The evolution of accommodative lenses
• 3.2.2.3. Mix & Match with multifocal intraocular lenses for the treatment of presbyopia
• 3.2.2.4. Evolution of trifocal intraocular lenses
• 3.2.2.5. Optical concept and extended-range intraocular lenses
• 3.2.2.6. Asymmetric refractive lenses

• 3.2.3.1. Strategies with intraocular lenses in the correction of presbyopia
• 3.2.3.2. Monovision and mini-monovision
• 3.2.3.3. The use of spherical aberration in the correction of presbyopia
• 3.2.3.4. Routine use of capsular tension rings in crystalline lens surgery with premium lens implant: Yes or no?
• 3.2.3.5. The role of Femtosecond laser in presbyopia surgery
• 3.2.3.6. Intraoperative aberrometry

• 3.2.4.1. Unilateral implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction and presbyopia correction
• 3.2.4.2. Implantation of intraocular lenses for correction of presbyopia in cataract surgery after keratorefractive surgery
• 3.2.4.3. Multifocal lenses in pseudo-exfoliation syndrome
• 3.2.4.4. Multifocal intraocular lenses in irregular corneal astigmatism

• 3.2.5.1. Evaluation of light distortion in crystalline lens surgery
• 3.2.5.2. Contrast sensitivity and defocus curves
• 3.2.5.3. Contrast sensitivity and circadian photoreception
• 3.2.5.4. Neuroadaptation and multifocal lenses

• 3.2.6.1. Complications of multifocal lenses
• 3.2.6.2. Laser excimer after surgery with multifocal intraocular lenses
• 3.2.6.3. Evaluation and management of rotation of multifocal intraocular toric lenses
• 3.2.6.4. Presbyopia surgery: resolving complications with add-on and explant
• 3.2.6.5. Cystoid macular edema in multifocal lenses